By Maria Merola אריאל
© Copyright Double Portion Inheritance, February 2007
http://www.DoublePortionInheritance.com/
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In Revelation 17:1-9, the Apostle Yahuwchanon (John) was shown a “great whore,” whose religious mixture has combined biblical narratives with occult myths and fables. This ancient religion began with Nimrod in the Land of Shinar (Genesis 10), and will continue to influence the inhabitants of the earth, until our Messiah returns to judge and make war with her.
Pictured to the left is an artist’s depiction of the original “Saint Valentine” of “Saturnia,” which was later renamed as the city of “Rome.” This creature is a “chimera,” (a hybrid human and goat). It is believed that Nimrod (the great grandson of Noah), had allowed his form to be altered because he allowed his “seed,” to be mingled with “strange flesh.”
Yahuwdah (Jude) 1:7 Even as Sodom and Gomorrah, and the cities about them in like manner, giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh, are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire.
In the above passage, the word “strange” is the Greek “heteros,” which means “altered.” In Genesis 6:4, we are told that the fallen angels mated with human women, and produced hybrid creatures, called “Nephilim.” By reading the following passage in Hebrew, we learn that these “giants,” are called “nephiyl,” meaning “fallen ones.”
These are referred to as “ben elohiym,” (sons of God), meaning that they are created beings (fallen angels). They are also called “gibbor,” (tyrants, giants), and “men of old,” as in “eternal beings.” These hybrid creatures are called “men of renown,” because we see them in Greek Mythology, and even in today’s Comic Book superheroes. Although Nimrod began as a human being, it is believed that he was altered by “mingling his seed,” (Daniel 2:40-43).
Bereshiyth (Genesis) 6:4 There were giants (nephiyl) in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of Elohiym came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men (gibbor, tyrants) which were of old (owlam, eternity), men of renown (famous). To learn more about how Nimrod has become the original archetype for the end-time Antichrist, see my other two blogs:
Even though Nimrod was a real biblical person, the occult world has embellished many details about him according to myth, and folklore. These myths and fables have become the basis for which the narrative behind Esoteric, and Mystery School religions are based.
This is why Revelation 17:5 describes this religion as “MYSTERY BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.”
As the mythology narrative goes, Nimrod was being pursued by a bounty hunt of men who were commissioned by Shem (the son of Noah) to find and kill him for his many crimes against children. Although, Scripture is silent on how Nimrod died.
According to the book of Yasher (Jasher), it was Esau (the twin brother of Jacob) who ultimately killed Nimrod. Although the book of Yashar (Jasher) is mentioned in Scripture (Joshua 10:13, 2nd Samuel 1:18), the original book of Jasher has been lost since the Roman Siege in 70 A.D.
There are several forgeries of the book of Jasher dating to around the 13th Century A.D., and each of these copies are different from the other. Therefore, I only mention the book of Jasher as pure conjecture, and not as solid evidence.
The book of Jasher claims that Nimrod had inherited the animal skins that were made for Adam & Eve by Yah, and were passed down to Noah. However, as already stated, what we have today, (posing as the real book of Jasher) are forgeries containing many inaccuracies that contradict Scripture. To learn more, see my other blog: Who is Melchizedek?
Nimrod’s demise is accurately described in Isaiah 14:12 where the King of Babylon is said to be “Cut down to the ground,” just like a tree. Even though Isaiah 14 is describing the contemporary King Nebuchadnezzar, it has a much deeper meaning, as it tells the story of a fallen angel named “Heylel” translated in the King James Version as the Latin name “Lucifer.” To learn more, see my other blog: Is Lucifer the Morning Star?
Nimrod’s other alias is “Ba’al,” the god of the sun and the tree. This prophecy in Isaiah 14 is about Satan himself who was once a “covering cherub” at the throne in heaven (see Ezekiel 28). After his rebellion towards the Most High, he was cast out of heaven, and he masqueraded as the serpent in the Garden of Eden. But he also masqueraded as the “Prince of Tyrus,” in Ezekiel 28. Tyrus was an ancient Phoenician city on the Eastern Coast of the Mediterranean Sea which today is called Lebanon.
Nimrod’s crimes were many, but the most heinous of his crimes was the sacrificing of infants on the altar to Moloch (aka Satan). When Nimrod fled from his pursuers, he hid himself in the Mountains of Nembrod also called the Mountains of Nimrod.
Today, these very same mountains are called the “Apennine Mountains” and they are located in Rome, Italy. These are the same mountains which surround the Vatican, otherwise known as “The Seven Hills of Rome.” After the flood in the days of Noah, the continents that were once connected, slowly drifted apart within 100 years after the flood. This is referred to as “Biblical Pangea.” As you can see from the Pangea map below, Nimrod did not have to cross large bodies of water to travel from the land of Shinar, to Rome (previously called Saturnia). There was a natural land-bridge when crossing over from Turkey to Italy. This is how Nimrod was able to flee his pursuers on foot to Saturnia.
Today, these very same mountains are called the “Apennine Mountains” and they are located in Rome, Italy. These are the same mountains which surround the Vatican, otherwise known as “The Seven Hills of Rome.” After the flood in the days of Noah, the continents that were once connected, slowly drifted apart within 100 years after the flood. This is referred to as “Biblical Pangea.” As you can see from the Pangea map below, Nimrod did not have to cross large bodies of water to travel from the land of Shinar, to Rome (previously called Saturnia). There was a natural land-bridge when crossing over from Turkey to Italy. This is how Nimrod was able to flee his pursuers on foot to Saturnia.
We are told that in the days following the flood, Eber bore two sons, and one of them was named “Peleg,” which means “earthquake,” but it also comes from the root word “palag,” which means “to split, to be divided.”
Bereshiyth (Genesis) 10:25 And unto Ayber (Eber) were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Yoqtan (Joktan).
Bereshiyth (Genesis) 10:32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations: and by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood.
Pangaea, (according to modern science) took place 240 million years ago. But according to scripture, it happened after the flood in the days of Noah. This event was not the same event mentioned in Genesis 11, where YaHuWaH confounded the languages at Babel. This was a literal “splitting” of the earth’s seven continents of the earth following the flood.
Below is the Hebrew word for “divided:”
Strong’s #H6385. palag: to divide, split, (Niphal) to be split, be divided, to split, cleave, to divide.
In Genesis 11, when YaHuWaH confounded the languages of the people at Babel, the word for “confound” is as follows:
Strong’s #H1101. balal: to mix, mingle, confuse, confound, to give provender, feed (animals), to mix oneself (among others), to fade away.
As you can see, the first event where the “earth was divided” was a literal splitting of the earth’s continents. However, the second event is where YaHuWaH actually “confounded their languages.” I suspect that these two events happened either simultaneously, or very close together.
Right about the time when Nimrod’s kingdom became powerful, is when YaHuWaH sent mass-confusion to this Anti-Messiah Empire, which then caused the people to migrate to different parts of the earth. Noah’s son Ham was cursed because he “Saw his father’s nakedness” (Genesis 9:21-25). Nimrod was a descendant of Ham. If what the book of Jasher says is correct, it would seem to be implying that Ham stole the animal skins belonging to Adam & Eve (from Noah), and they were passed down to Nimrod who wore these special garments.
There is another explanation for Ham seeing his father Noah naked (Genesis 9:22-23). Some scholars believe that the Hebrew phrase “Saw his father’s nakedness” is a Euphemism for sleeping with Noah’s wife, which would mean incest, (sleeping with his own mother).
It is unclear if Ham is the son of Noah’s wife (who was on the ark), or if he was the offspring from a previous marriage. There is no mention of Noah having more than one wife, therefore, we can only go by the information given in scripture.
These animals skins were the priestly garments given to Adam & Eve to cover their nakedness. Jasher purports that these skins possessed supernatural powers. The skins are said to cause animals to become docile and submissive, so that they would willingly allow themselves to be sacrificed. This could be where the expression “wolf in sheep’s clothing” comes from.
In other esoteric occult writings, it is suggested that Nimrod was advised by the priests of Ba’al that he would be given “esoteric knowledge” (hidden or secret wisdom) or what is called “The third eye” or “The all-seeing eye” of Lucifer (Horus). These esoteric writings have become the basis for Freemasonry, and all Mystery School Religions (to include Roman Catholicism).
These writings purport that Nimrod was taught by his soothsayers that if he committed acts of incest with his mother, (allegedly Semiramis), and acts of bestiality (sex with animals) he would gain secret (esoteric) wisdom from the “gods” (fallen angels). Nimrod was also told that he would become immortal if he sacrificed babies to Moloch, and drank their blood. This is why Scripture calls him “The mighty hunter.” He was not a hunter of animals only, but of the human souls.
Pictured here is “The all-seeing eye” seen over the Pyramid on the back of the U.S. one dollar bill and in other occult symbolism.
It represents Lucifer (Satan) who has tried to deceive the world into believing that he is the one who is “all-knowing” and “all-wise” instead of our Creator, YaHuWaH.
When people in the occult claim to have received “The third eye” it is also called “psychic power” or “extra-sensory perception.” This is a counterfeit to the true gifts of the Holy Spirit (1st Corinthians 12:1-11).
As previously mentioned, Nimrod, is believed to have “mingled his seed” with the seed of fallen angels, as he had committed acts of bestiality (sexual relations with a goat) in order to gain supernatural demonic power (Daniel 2:43).
In Daniel 2:32-45, Daniel interpreted a very important dream given to King Nebuchadnezzar. His dream illustrates how all the empires throughout history form an “image of a man,” and the final culmination of this image being destroyed by “a stone cut without hands.” This stone cut without hands is symbolic our Messiah who will return in the seventh millennium to destroy all of the kingdoms of this world (inspired by Satan), that are represented by this image of a man.
This image of a man is none other than an image of Nimrod, whose body parts were “Cut off like the limbs of a tree” (Isaiah 14:19), and delivered to each of the ten provinces within the land of Shinar. In Genesis 10:9-19, we read that Nimrod’s kingdom consisted of ten provinces. After his kingdom was broken up by the confusing of the languages, (and by the splitting of the continents), his Mystery Religion continued under different names (Genesis 10:32, 11:7-8). All ten of these provinces in the latter days will come back together again as “ten horns” on the Beast or “ten toes” (Daniel 2:42; 7:24, Revelation 12:3).
The four body parts to this image of a man are accurately seen in Zechariah chapter 1 as being “four horns” (political powers) who have scattered Judah, Yisra’el, and Jerusalem. These four body parts (head of gold, chest of silver, hips of brass, two iron legs) represent four empires: Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, Rome. However, in the end of days, out of these two iron legs (Rome) will come “ten toes” or “ten horns,” which will be a revival of Nimrod’s kingdom. This kingdom consisted of “ten provinces” in the land of Shinar (Genesis 10:9-19).
These ten provinces used to be concentrated in one area. However, after the biblical Pangaea, the earth was literally divided (Genesis 10:32). These ten provinces were divided into “seven continents” of the world: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.
In the end of days, there will be “ten kings” that will arise to control these seven continents of the world. The ten horns on the beast correspond to “ten toes” in Daniel 2:43.
The iron symbolizes “fallen angels” (not human) and the clay symbolizes human “seed” because Yah created Adam from the dust of the earth (clay). When the seed of Satan is mingled with the seed of humans (Nephilim) that is when the ten toes or ten horns will rule for one hour with the beast:
Chazown (Revelation) 12:3 And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.
In the Apostle John’s revelation, the angel told John that the “seven heads” represent “seven mountains” on which the woman sits:
Chazown (Revelation) 17:9 And here is the mind which has wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sits.
Dave Hunt who authored the Book “A Woman Rides the Beast” gives an accurate description of these seven mountains:
“Here is no mystical or allegorical language but an unambiguous statement in plain words:
The woman ... is that great city. There is no justification for seeking some other hidden meaning. Yet books have been written and sermons preached insisting that ‘Mystery Babylon’ is the United States. That is clearly not the case, for the United States is a country, not a city. One might justifiably refer to the United States as Sodom, considering the honor now given to homosexuals, but it is definitely not the Babylon that John sees in this vision. The woman is a city....
The woman ... is that great city. There is no justification for seeking some other hidden meaning. Yet books have been written and sermons preached insisting that ‘Mystery Babylon’ is the United States. That is clearly not the case, for the United States is a country, not a city. One might justifiably refer to the United States as Sodom, considering the honor now given to homosexuals, but it is definitely not the Babylon that John sees in this vision. The woman is a city....
Furthermore, she is a city built on seven hills. That specification eliminates ancient Babylon. Only one city has for more than 2000 years been known as the city on seven hills. That city is Rome. The Catholic Encyclopedia states:
‘It is within the city of Rome, called the city of seven hills, that the entire area of Vatican State proper is now confined.’”
‘It is within the city of Rome, called the city of seven hills, that the entire area of Vatican State proper is now confined.’”
To learn more about the identity of Mystery Babylon, see my other blog: Who is Mystery Babylon?
When Nimrod was killed and his body parts were delivered to each of the ten provinces of the land of Shinar, we can see that each province received one of his body parts.
The four main body parts (head, chest, hips, two legs) end up in the last days branching off into ten body parts (ten toes or ten horns) as there will be ten political or global powers on the earth.
The “seven hills” of Rome where Nimrod was killed and his body parts were severed, will come back together again as the beast “ascends out of the bottomless pit.” The “image of a man” (revived Nimrod) will be given life and made to speak, as he will be worshiped again as the Anti-Messiah:
Chazown (Revelation) 13:15 And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed.
Nimrod’s image seen in the “image of a man” in Daniel 2:31-45 will be given life by Satan himself and he will be revived in the last days and worshiped.
It should come as no surprise that since Nimrod’s body parts were severed in the ancient city of Saturnia (Rome) that is where the “seven hills” of Rome are now situated.
But when Nimrod’s ten body parts (provinces) come back together again to form an image of a man, those “seven hills” that today surround Rome will have distributed it’s power to the “seven continents” of the world.
Now we can see why Satan has transformed into this creature which is pictured above as half-goat and half-man. Nimrod is according to the Babylonian Mystery Religion none other than a reincarnation of Satan himself.
2nd Qorintiym (Corinthians) 11:14 And no marvel; for Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light.
Satan has transformed himself throughout history in many different mythological characters in order to receive worship from mortal humans. Satan has presented himself in the scriptures as the King of Tyrus (Ezekiel 28:2), the King of Babylon (Isaiah 14:22) the King of Assyria (Isaiah 14:25, Micah 5:5-6). All throughout history, Satan has transformed himself into various creatures and he has possessed earthly kings. Pictured below is a composite of ancient carvings that have been discovered in Archeology of the original Nimrod from Mesopotamia.
Nimrod, was the son of Cush, the Ethiopian, and he was a great grandson of Noah. Scripture describes him as a “mighty hunter” before YaHuWaH.
Bereshiyth (Genesis) 10:9 He was a mighty hunter before YHWH: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before YHWH.
Some people think this is a positive connotation of being a hunter “Before YaHuWaH” but if you look up the Hebrew word for “before” in Genesis 10, it reveals that he did these rebellious child sacrifices in front of YaHuWaH’s face. This means that he had no shame for his abominations. He hunted people down and used them for sacrifices.
This word “before” in Genesis 10:9 is #H6440, “paniym.”
We can read about this in the Antiquities of Josephus, in the book of Jasher and also in “The Two Babylons” by Alexander Hislop.
Nimrod, the original “ST. VALENTINE,” was also known as Saturn, the Roman-Babylonian god who “hid” from his pursuers in a secret place. The Latin name “Saturn” is derived from the Semitic-speaking Babylonians. It means “To be hidden, to hide self, secret, conceal.” The original Semitic (Hebrew) word, from which the Latin Saturn is derived, is used 83 times in the Old Testament (see Young’s Concordance) under “Sathar,” also “sether.”
According to ancient tradition, Saturn (Nimrod) fled from his pursuers to Italy. The Apennine Mountains of Italy were anciently named the mountains of Nembrod or Nimrod. Nimrod briefly hid out at the site where Rome was later built. The ancient name of Rome, before it was rebuilt in 753 B.C., was called “Saturnia,” the site of Saturn’s (Nimrod’s) hiding.
There he was found and slain for his crimes. Later, professing Christians in Constantine’s day made Nimrod -- the St. Valentine of the heathen -- a “saint” of the church and continued to honor him under the name of a Christian martyr.
You may be wondering to yourself “How could Nimrod be killed in Rome, when the Land of Shinar existed about 1,200 years before Rome?”
The Land of Shinar where Nimrod’s Kingdom once existed is in Modern-day Iraq. And so the question arises, “How could he travel to Rome to run away from his pursuers who were trying to kill him?”
We can easily see how this happened by understanding that Rome (Saturnia) was at one time, in closer proximity to Ancient Mesopotamia (where Iraq & Syria are today). See my other article entitled: “Nimrod, the Papacy & Pangaea:”
How Did the Myth of Semiramis & Nimrod Originate?
The Bible is silent about the fact that Nimrod married his own mother, or that his wife was named “Semiramis.” So where did this idea come from? There was a real Sumerian queen named Sammu-Ramat, who ruled over Assyria between 811-806 B.C.E. Whenever she lead military campaigns, she deified herself as the Egyptian goddess, “Isis,” who was later named “Semiramis” in Greece. Jeremiah the prophet described how the people in the Kingdom of Judah were burning incense to this goddess named “The Queen of Heaven” (Jeremiah 7:18; 44:17-25).
The Pharaohs of Egypt believed they were reincarnations of the sun-god “Ra.” The Assyrian kings believed they too, were reincarnations of Nimrod, (who they believed to be a god). The Egyptian name for “Nimrod” was “Osiris, ” and his son was “Horus” or in Assyrian, it was “Tammuz,” as we read about in Ezekiel 8:14.
The Assyrian Queen, Sammu-Ramat believed she was a reincarnation of the Egyptian Isis, Queen of Heaven, (also called “Semiramis” in Greek). She held the throne for her young son, Adad Nirari III (811-783 B.C.E), until he became of age to rule as king. So that she could continue to rule as queen, it is said that she married her son, Adad. And since all Assyrian kings thought themselves to be a reincarnation of Nimrod aka “Osiris, ” legend has it that her son, Adad was killed in battle, but he supposedly impregnated her with the rays of the sun, and this is how she became pregnant with Tammuz. To learn more, see my other blog entitled: Who is Semiramis & Did She Really Exist?
The earth’s crust was also splitting and causing the continents to shift, and so the people groups were literally split away from Babel and their languages were confused as well.
As you can see from the illustration above, all seven of the continents were connected before the flood.
Did Nimrod Build the Tower of Babel?
8 And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth.
9 He was a mighty hunter before YHWH: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before YHWH.
10 the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.
11 Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah,
12 And Resen between Nineveh and Calah: the same is a great city.
Asshur or Assyria was in much closer proximity to where the Vatican is now located in Rome, before Pangaea. This means that Nimrod could cross over the natural land-bridges on foot, from Syria, Iraq, Turkey into Italy. In Rome (at one time) “Valentine” was called “Ba’alentine” to commemorate “Ba’al” the god of sexual desire. Now we can see the connection between Valentine’s Day, the Papacy, and Mystery Babylon. Valentine’s Day is another custom birthed at the Tower of Babel, which is why the Roman Papacy has made “Saint Valentine’s Day” an official Roman Catholic holiday.
According to ancient tradition, Saturn (Nimrod) fled from his pursuers to Italy. The Apennine Mountains of Italy were anciently named the “The Mountains of Nembrod or Nimrod.”
In the 4th Century, during the reign of the Roman Emperor Constantine, Gnostic Christians believed that Nimrod was “reincarnated” as the Messiah of Yisra’el, Yahuwshuwa (Jesus), hence they made “Saint Valentine” or “Saint Ba’alentine” of the heathen (a so-called “Saint” of the Church), and continued to honor him under the name of a Christian martyr.
As you can see, Roman Catholicism secretly teaches “Another Yahuwshuwa” (Another Jesus) which is not the same Messiah of the Bible. Their Messiah is actually a reincarnation of Nimrod or Lucifer as the “New Age Christ” for all religions. The official title for the Vatican today is called “The Seven Hills of Rome.” These seven hills are accurately translated in the Strong’s Greek Concordance as “mountains:”
#3735. oros: or’-os probably from an obsolete oro (to rise or “rear,” perhaps akin to 142; compare 3733); a mountain (as lifting itself above the plain): hill, mountain.
Chazown (Revelation) 17:9 And here is the mind which has wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sits.
The Catholic Encyclopedia states the following concerning the Vatican: “It is within the city of Rome, called the city of seven hills, that the entire area of Vatican State proper is now confined. ”
Rome Exchanged the Holy Days of YaHuWaH with Days that Commemorate Nimrod
The “Yule Wheel” is a pagan representation of all the annual celebrations offered up to the pagan sun-gods and moon goddesses in their many different “reincarnated” forms.
The wheel has eight segments signifying “Eight pagan Sabbaths” each year. Notice the five-pointed star of witchcraft, also called the “Eastern Star.” The star is within a circle representing the sun-god, Ba’al.
The wheel has eight segments signifying “Eight pagan Sabbaths” each year. Notice the five-pointed star of witchcraft, also called the “Eastern Star.” The star is within a circle representing the sun-god, Ba’al.
Eight Feasts for the Beast
In many of my other writings I often show the same pagan Sabbath wheel detailing the eight pagan Sabbaths of the Antichrist annually. If I seem redundant and repetitive concerning this, it is because I want to emphasize that all eight of these pagan feasts are meant to prepare the entire world for worshiping the beast (Satan) and his image of a man (the revived Nimrod).
Each of these pagan holidays commemorate Nimrod but they have been cleverly disguised to appear “Christian.”
The Catholic Church gave these pagan holidays a so-called “Christian” identity. Let’s see what they are:
1.) Imbolc February 2nd-February 15th later became “Saint Valentine’s Day.” February 14th is the “Ides of the month,” which was supposedly the luckiest time for omens and spells to be done by the occultists.
2.) Ostara (Easter) March 21st – March 25th (The Vernal Equinox). Rome assimilated this pagan goddess to Passover in order to confuse the true biblical Passover with this fertility goddess. They even changed the Catholic Calendar to make Easter fall closer to Passover week in order to confuse Messiah’s Resurrection with hers.
3.) Beltane (Mayfest) May 1st - May 5th in honor of “the goddess of fertility” or what many call “Mother Earth” the “Queen of Heaven.” The Catholic Church has attached the mother of our Messiah, Miryam (Mary) to this pagan goddess, also celebrated as “Cinco de Mayo.”
3.) Beltane (Mayfest) May 1st - May 5th in honor of “the goddess of fertility” or what many call “Mother Earth” the “Queen of Heaven.” The Catholic Church has attached the mother of our Messiah, Miryam (Mary) to this pagan goddess, also celebrated as “Cinco de Mayo.”
4.) Midsummer Solstice June 21st, the first day of Summer, Catholics call it St. John’s Day.
5.) Lugnasad August 1st – August 15th is also known as the alleged “Ascension day” of the Catholic Mary or the ancient mother goddess, Semiramis.
6.) Mabon September 21st, the first day of Autumn, September 21st .
6.) Mabon September 21st, the first day of Autumn, September 21st
7.) Samhain (Halloween) October 31st - November 1st, the Catholic “All-Saints Day” or “All-Souls Day.”
8.) Yule (Christmas) December 21st – December 25th, the Winter Solstice; the birthday of all false Messiahs.
The Ides of the Month in Paganism: Why February 14th?
8.) Yule (Christmas) December 21st – December 25th, the Winter Solstice; the birthday of all false Messiahs.
The Ides of the Month in Paganism: Why February 14th?
Why should the Romans have chosen February 15th and the evening of February 14th to honor Lupercus -- the Nimrod of the Bible? Well, first of all, it is important to understand that since the creation, a new calendar date changed at sunset, the evening before.
Nimrod (the Ba’al or sun-god of the ancient pagans) was said to have been born at the winter solstice. In ancient times the solstice occurred on January 6th and his birthday therefore was celebrated on January 6th. Later, as the solstice changed, it was celebrated on December 25th and is now called Christmas.
It was the custom of antiquity for the mother of a male child to present herself for purification on the fortieth day after the day of birth (Leviticus 12:2-5). The fortieth day after January 6th (Nimrod’s original birth-date) takes us to February 15th, the celebration of which began on the evening of February 14th the Lupercalia or St. Valentine’s Day.
On this day in February, Semiramis, the mother of Nimrod, was said to have been PURIFIED and to have appeared for the first time in public with her son as the original “mother & child.”
The Roman month February, in fact, derives its name from the “februa” which the Roman priests used in the rites celebrated on St. Valentine’s Day. The “februa” were thongs from the skins of sacrificial animals used in rites of purification on the evening of February 14th.
Cupid Makes His Appearance
Another name for the child Nimrod was “Cupid” which means “desire”-----Encyclopedia Britannica, article, Cupid. It is said that when Nimrod’s mother saw him, she LUSTED after him -- she DESIRED him. Nimrod became her Cupid -- her desired one -- and later her Valentine! So evil was Nimrod’s mother Semiramis that she married her own son!
Inscribed on the monuments of ancient Egypt are inscriptions that Nimrod (the Egyptians called him Osiris) was “The husband of his mother.”
Inscribed on the monuments of ancient Egypt are inscriptions that Nimrod (the Egyptians called him Osiris) was “The husband of his mother.”
As Nimrod grew up, he became the child-hero of MANY women who DESIRED him. He was their Cupid! In Daniel 11:37, he is called the “desire of women.”
He provoked so many women to JEALOUSY that an idol of him was often called the “Image of Jealousy” (Ezekiel 8:5). It is said that when Noah’s son Shem had Nimrod killed all of his body parts were chopped off like limbs to a tree, hence, the reason he is the god of the Christmas tree.
This means that all of the seven continents of the world will be ruled by “ten horns” but these ten horns will rule for “one hour with the beast” (Revelation 17:12), as they will come under the authority of this “one horn” (One World Government).
This horn is none other than Satan’s political power that will be seen in the Phallic Symbol of Nimrod (the Obelisk). Pictured above is a white horse with one single horn on his head (a unicorn). This is a mystical creature of mythology mentioned in Revelation 6.
This is not to be confused with the word “unicorn” mentioned in the King James Bible which is actually a “rhinoceros.” We are shown in Revelation 6:2 that the Anti-Messiah will conquer the world while riding a white horse as he tries to mimic the true Messiah in Revelation 19 who also returns on a white horse.
Every Pope is secretly meant to be a so-called “Reincarnation of Nimrod,” the original false Christ. That is why every Pope wears the Mitre of Dagon the Fish on his head.
It is said that when Nimrod’s body parts were cut off and distributed that he was reincarnated as a fish and he lived in the Mediterranean Sea.
Thus, we can see why the “The Prince of Tyrus” in Ezekiel 28 is an allusion to the serpent in the Garden of Eden, and also a reincarnation of Nimrod as “Dagon, the god of the sea.” This website gives more insight about now Nimrod became known in the occult pagan world as the god of the fish:
Thus, we can see why the “The Prince of Tyrus” in Ezekiel 28 is an allusion to the serpent in the Garden of Eden, and also a reincarnation of Nimrod as “Dagon, the god of the sea.” This website gives more insight about now Nimrod became known in the occult pagan world as the god of the fish:
The gods of the Tyrians are interesting insofar as they represent a stage in the evolution between what had come before and what eventually came after. On the one hand they were patterned after far more ancient deified kings; on the other hand, they obviously served as the prototypes for the deities of later cultures such as the Greeks and Romans. For instance, Melqart, patterned upon Marduk, was known as the Tyrian Hercules, and later became synchronized with Hercules. The father of Hercules was Zeus, that of Marduk, Dagon. It follows then that Zeus and Dagon represent different incarnations (or representations) of the same figure. This premise seems to be substantiated by the fact that Zeus was also known as Dyaus, and Dagon was also known as Daonos, two names so similar as to imply a common origin for the two. Dagon was likewise known as Daos, from which we probably derive the word Deus, or God. Furthermore, Zeus was at times referred to as Diu-Pater, which served as the basis for the Roman Jupiter.
Diu-Pater translates simply as “God the Father.” Though a title such as God the Father isn’t paid too much serious attention in modern times, it could well indicate an important aspect of how the ancients viewed the notion of deity. This is to say, perhaps they viewed God, not as any sort of supernatural being, but rather as an ancestor…. King Hiram (2nd Samuel 5:11 & 1st Kings 5:1) seems to have made a conscious effort to manipulate the archetype embodied in the Phoenician gods, so that he himself appeared to be a flesh and blood incarnation or extension of them. His throne sat before large windows opening upon the sea and crashing waves. Visitors to his palace may well have thought they’d entered the domain of Poseidon himself.
Diu-Pater translates simply as “God the Father.” Though a title such as God the Father isn’t paid too much serious attention in modern times, it could well indicate an important aspect of how the ancients viewed the notion of deity. This is to say, perhaps they viewed God, not as any sort of supernatural being, but rather as an ancestor…. King Hiram (2nd Samuel 5:11 & 1st Kings 5:1) seems to have made a conscious effort to manipulate the archetype embodied in the Phoenician gods, so that he himself appeared to be a flesh and blood incarnation or extension of them. His throne sat before large windows opening upon the sea and crashing waves. Visitors to his palace may well have thought they’d entered the domain of Poseidon himself.
As we can see from the graphic, Nimrod has become the “Universal god” of the pagans and just as his body parts were scattered throughout the ten provinces of Shinar, so his Mystery Religion has been scattered to the nations (ten horns on the beast).
The Connection Between The Book of Esther & Valentine’s Day: A “Lucky Day” to Kill Jews?
In 1582, the Roman Julian Calendar was updated and changed to the Gregorian Calendar decreed by Pope Gregory XIII. It was at this point, that Pope Gregory caused a new calendar date to change at midnight, instead of at sundown, and thus changing Yah’s rendering of times and seasons.
He also changed the “New Year” back to January 1st which was first done by Julius Caesar. But as Christianity began to spread throughout Europe, many Christians began to celebrate the New Year on March 25th (the original date of Easter), because they thought that Messiah was born on December 25th.
Nine months backwards would make his conception date fall on March 25th. Little did they realize that this was the conception date of Nimrod and his reincarnated son Tammuz (Ezekiel 8:14).
In order to manipulate the calendar so that Easter would fall closer to YaHuWaH’s Passover, Pope Gregory then changed the New Year to fall on January 1st (in honor of the pagan god Janus) and thus the Catholic Church would be able to assimilate the pagan celebration of Easter to Messiah’s resurrection.
In order to manipulate the calendar so that Easter would fall closer to YaHuWaH’s Passover, Pope Gregory then changed the New Year to fall on January 1st (in honor of the pagan god Janus) and thus the Catholic Church would be able to assimilate the pagan celebration of Easter to Messiah’s resurrection.
Before Pope Gregory changed the New Year to January, the 12th month of the year was February. The Romans and all other pagan cultures who worshiped Ba’al in his many different forms believed that the 13th day of the 12th month was a “lucky day” to call on the pagan gods.
On the Hebrew Calendar, the 12th month is called “Adar” and so it is no coincidence that the wicked Haman had cast lots to see what day would be the “luckiest” day of the year to annihilate the Yahuwdiym (Jewish) people.
The lots were cast and the demons gave the answer to Haman through the soothsayers as seen in the book of Esther. The day that was selected was the 13th day of the 12th month of Adar (Esther 3:13).
The ancient Romans believed that every month had a spirit that gained in strength and reached its peak or apex of power in the middle or Ides of the month. This was usually the 15th day, and it was a day when witches and augurs, or soothsayers worked their magic.
An “augur” was a person filled with a spirit of divination, and from the root-word augur we also get the word “inaugurate,” which means to “take omens.”
Since February had been robbed by the Caesars and had only 28 days (29 in leap years), the “Ides of February” became the 14th day of that month.
Since February had been robbed by the Caesars and had only 28 days (29 in leap years), the “Ides of February” became the 14th day of that month.
Since the Ides of a month was celebrated on the preceding eve, the month of February was unique, because it was the 13th day that became the eve of the Ides that month, and it became a very important pagan holiday in the Empire of Rome.
Wow! Now we know why the wicked Haman wanted to destroy the Yahuwdiy (Jewish) people on the 13th day of the 12th month!
The Hebrew month called Adar is in the month of February on the Gregorian Calendar. The the 13th day of the month was their luckiest day, when they could beckon the gods to do their bidding!
Therefore, if you are a follower of the Messiah and the Bible, keep in mind that Valentine’s Day is also the same day that Haman wanted to annihilate the Yahuwdiym (Jewish) people. Had he succeeded, there would have been no Messiah born to us in Bethlehem!
This is one more reason for us to have nothing to do with this evil celebration of Ba’al!
This is one more reason for us to have nothing to do with this evil celebration of Ba’al!
*Last Trumpet Ministries Website commentaries:
In the days of the Roman Empire, the month of February was the last and shortest month of the year. February originally had 30 days, but when Julius Caesar named the month of July after himself, he decided to make that month longer and shortened February to 29 days while making July a month of 31 days.
Later, Octavius Caesar, was also known as Augustus. When he came to power, he named the month of August after himself, and not to be outdone he also subtracted a day from February and gave the month of August 31 days. To this very day it remains that way.
This was a day that was sacred to the sexual frenzy of the goddess Juno. This day also honored the Roman gods, Lupercus and Faunus, as well as the legendary twin brothers, who supposedly founded Rome, Remus and Romulus.
These two are said to have been suckled by wolves in a cave on Palatine Hill in Rome. The cave was called Lupercal and was the center of the celebrating on the eve of Lupercalia or February 14th.
On this day, Lupercalia, which was later named Valentine’s Day, the Luperci or priests of Lupercus dressed in goatskins for a bloody ceremony.
The priests of Lupercus, the wolf-god, would sacrifice goats and a dog and then smear themselves with blood. These priests, made red with sacrificial blood, would run around Palatine Hill in a wild frenzy while carving a goatskin thong called a “februa.”
The priests of Lupercus, the wolf-god, would sacrifice goats and a dog and then smear themselves with blood. These priests, made red with sacrificial blood, would run around Palatine Hill in a wild frenzy while carving a goatskin thong called a “februa.”
Women would sit all around the hill, as the bloody priests would strike them with the goatskin thongs to make them fertile.
The young women would then gather in the city and their names were put in boxes. These “love notes” were called “billets.” The men of Rome would draw a billet, and the woman whose name was on it became his sexual lust partner with whom he would fornicate until the next Lupercalia or February 14th.
Thus, February 14th became a day of unbridled sexual lust. The color “red” was sacred to that day because of the blood and the “heart shape” that is popular to this day. The heart-shape was not a representation of the human heart, which looks nothing like it. This shape represents the human female matrix or opening to the chamber of sacred copulation. No wonder the pagans commemorated their hero-hunter Nimrod, or Ba’al, by sending heart-shaped love tokens to one another on the evening of February 14 as a symbol of him!
When the Gnostic Catholic Church began to get a foothold in Rome around the 3rd century A.D., they became known as Valentinians. The Catholic Valentinians retained the sexual license of the festival in what they called “angels in a nuptial chamber,” which was also called the “sacrament of copulation.” This was said to be a reenactment of the marriage of “Sophia and the Redeemer.”
As the participants of the February 14th ritual began, their sexual sacrament presided over and watched by the priests known as Valentinians, the following literary was spoken: “Let the seed of light descend into thy bridal chamber, receive the bridegroom… open thine arms to embrace him. Behold, grace has descended upon thee.”
As the participants of the February 14th ritual began, their sexual sacrament presided over and watched by the priests known as Valentinians, the following literary was spoken: “Let the seed of light descend into thy bridal chamber, receive the bridegroom… open thine arms to embrace him. Behold, grace has descended upon thee.”
As time went on, the Orthodox Church suppressed the Gnostic Catholics and manufactured “Saint Valentine,” whose day continues to be celebrated in these modern times. It should be without saying that followers of Messiah should avoid Valentine’s Day like a plague.
In the eyes of our Creator, YaHuWaH, it is still “Lupercalia, the Day of the Wolf.” Men become wolves, as they carried on the satanic rituals of fornication, which means sexual intercourse without marriage. We have heard of the “wolf whistle,” and we all know that wolves do not whistle. It represents lustful men and women, who carry on Satan’s blasphemy to this very day in the rituals of paganism.
In the eyes of our Creator, YaHuWaH, it is still “Lupercalia, the Day of the Wolf.” Men become wolves, as they carried on the satanic rituals of fornication, which means sexual intercourse without marriage. We have heard of the “wolf whistle,” and we all know that wolves do not whistle. It represents lustful men and women, who carry on Satan’s blasphemy to this very day in the rituals of paganism.
At this website, more insight is provided into the origins of Valentine’s Day:
Nimrod the Mighty Valentine
By Herman L. Hoeh
Christian Custom? -- Or Pagan Holiday?
Where did St. Valentine's Day come from?
You might suppose that school teachers and educators would know. But do they? How many of you were ever taught the real origin of Valentine’s Day? Were you ever told in school why you should observe the custom of exchanging Valentines?
The Silence of Educators
Teachers are all too often silent about the origin of the customs they are forced to teach in today’s schools! If they were to speak out, many would lose their jobs!
Isn’t it time we examined why we encourage our children to celebrate Saint Valentine’s Day, when it is never so much as mentioned in the Bible as a practice of the first Century followers of Messiah?
Today, candy-makers unload tons of heart-shaped red boxes for February 14th, while millions of the younger generation are annually exchanging Valentines. Florists consider February 14th (St. Valentine’s Day) as one of their best business days. And young lovers pair off (at least for a dance or two) at St. Valentine’s balls.
Why? Where did these customs originate? Where do we find any such practices in the Bible? How did we come to inherit these customs?
A Christian Custom?
Did you know that centuries before Messiah, the pagan Romans celebrated February 15th and the evening of February 14th as an idolatrous and sensuous festival in honor of “Lupercus, the hunter of wolves?”
The Romans called the festival the “Lupercalia.” The custom of exchanging Valentines and all the other traditions in honor of Lupercus (the deified hero-hunter of Rome) was also linked anciently with the pagan practice of teen-agers “going steady.” It usually led to fornication. Today, the custom of “going steady” is thought very modern, but it isn’t.
It is merely a rebirth of an old custom handed down from the Roman festival of the Lupercalia, celebrated in the month of February, when names of young women were put into a box and drawn out by men as chance directed. That’s the admission of the “Encyclopedia Americana”, article, “St. Valentine’s Day.”
It is merely a rebirth of an old custom handed down from the Roman festival of the Lupercalia, celebrated in the month of February, when names of young women were put into a box and drawn out by men as chance directed. That’s the admission of the “Encyclopedia Americana”, article, “St. Valentine’s Day.”
When Constantine made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire there was some talk in church circles of discarding this pagan free-for-all. But the Roman citizens wouldn’t hear of it! So it was agreed that the holiday would continue as it was, except for the more grossly sensual observances.
It was not until the reign of Pope Gelasius that the holiday became a “Christian custom.” As far back as 496, Pope Gelasius changed Lupercalia on February 15th to St. Valentine’s Day on February 14th pg. 172 of “Customs and Holidays Around the World” by Lavinia Dobler. ”
But how did this pagan festival acquire the name of “St. Valentine’s Day?” And why is the little naked Cupid of the pagan Romans so often associated today with February 14th? And why do little children and young people still cut out hearts and send them on a day in honor of Lupercus the hunter of wolves? Why have we supposed these pagan customs in honor of a false god are Christian?
Who Was the Original “St. Valentine?”
Valentine was a common Roman name. Roman parents often gave the name to their children in honor of the famous man who was first called Valentine in antiquity. That famous man was Lupercus, the HUNTER. But who was Lupercus? And why should he have also borne the name Valentine among the heathen Romans?
The Greeks called Lupercus by the name of “Pan.” The Semites called Pan “Ba’al,” according to the “Classical Dictionaries.” Ba’al (mentioned so often in the Bible) was merely another name for Nimrod, “The mighty HUNTER” (Genesis 10:9). The hunter, Nimrod was the Lupercus (or wolf hunter) of the Romans. And St. Valentine’s Day was originally a day set aside by the pagans in his honor!
But why should Nimrod have been called “Valentine” by the Romans? And why should the celebration of this day have been anciently limited to the city of Rome before Pope Gelasius’ time? What part did the site of ancient Rome play in the life of Nimrod?
The word “Valentine” comes from another Latin word “Valentinus,” which is a proper name derived from the word “valens,” meaning “to be strong,” declares Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary. It means literally “strong, powerful, mighty.” Is there any connection with Nimrod? We read in the Bible that Nimrod was the “mighty hunter” (Genesis 10:9). It was a common proverb of ancient times that Nimrod was “the mighty hunter before YaHuWaH.” NIMROD WAS THEIR HERO -- THEIR STRONG MAN -- THEIR VALENTINE!
How plain that the original Valentine was Nimrod, the mighty hunter of wolves. Yet another of Nimrod’s names was “Sanctus” or “Santa,” meaning “Saint.” It was a common title of any hero-god. No wonder that the Roman Lupercalia is called “Saint Valentine’s Day!”
But why do we associate HEARTS on a day in honor of Nimrod -- the BA’AL of the Phoenicians and Semites?
The surprising answer is that the pagan Romans acquired the symbol of the heart from the Babylonians. In the Babylonian tongue the word for “heart” was “bal” (see Young’s or Strong’s Concordance). The heart – “bal” -- was merely a symbol of Nimrod -- the “Ba’al” or Lord of the Babylonians!
Rome Tried to Redeem Valentine’s Day
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/st-valentine-beheaded
As you can see by this artist’s depiction of Saint Valentine, he is wearing the same “Dagon Fish hat” worn by the pagan priests of Nimrod (Ba’al) showing us that Satan is always trying to masquerade himself as an “angel of light.” In this book entitled “Old English Songs & Ballads,” the later history of Valentine’s Day is recorded:
On February 14th around the year 278 A.D., Valentine, a priest in Rome in the days of Emperor Claudius II, was executed.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/st-valentine-beheaded
Saint Valentine depicted below as a boy bishop, was martyred on February 14th 278 A.D
Illustration: Eleanor Fortescue Brickdale in Old English Songs & Ballads--Mary Evans Picture Library
On February 14th around the year 278 A.D., Valentine, a priest in Rome in the days of Emperor Claudius II, was executed.
Under the rule of Claudius the Cruel, Rome was involved in many unpopular and bloody campaigns. The emperor had to maintain a strong army, but was having a difficult time getting soldiers to join his military leagues. Claudius believed that Roman men were unwilling to join the army because of their strong attachment to their wives and families.
To get rid of the problem, Claudius banned all marriages and engagements in Rome. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret.
When Valentine’s actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death. Valentine was arrested and dragged before the Prefect of Rome, who condemned him to be beaten to death with clubs and to have his head cut off. The sentence was carried out on February 14th, on or about the year 270.
Legend also has it that while in jail, St. Valentine left a farewell note for the jailer’s daughter, who had become his friend, and signed it “From Your Valentine.”
For his great service, Valentine was named a saint after his death.
In truth, the exact origins and identity of St. Valentine are unclear. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, there are “At least three different Saint Valentines, all of them martyrs, are mentioned in the early martyrologies under the date of the 14th February.” One was a priest in Rome, the second one was a bishop of Interamna (now Terni, Italy) and the third St. Valentine was a martyr in the Roman province of Africa.
Legends vary on how the martyr’s name became connected with romance. The date of his death may have become mingled with the Feast of Lupercalia, a pagan festival of love. On these occasions, the names of young women were placed in a box, from which they were drawn by the men as chance directed. In 496 AD, Pope Gelasius decided to put an end to the Feast of Lupercalia, and he declared that February 14th be celebrated as St Valentine’s Day.
Gradually, February 14th became a date for exchanging love messages, poems and simple gifts such as flowers.
Once again it is of “Roman Catholic” origin with pagan rites of sex and fertility attached to it.
Should We Honor Saints?
First of all, scripture defines a “saint” as one who is “set-apart” from the world and its pagan customs, and one who obeys the commandments of our Creator. The Roman Catholic Church defines a saint quite differently.
The Roman Catholic Church has adopted a custom of “honoring saints” but are these people truly saints in the eyes of our Heavenly Father? Does scripture teach us to give honor to men such as “Saint Valentine?” What does scripture tell us about giving honor to human beings?
The Roman Catholic Church has adopted a custom of “honoring saints” but are these people truly saints in the eyes of our Heavenly Father? Does scripture teach us to give honor to men such as “Saint Valentine?” What does scripture tell us about giving honor to human beings?
Yahuwchanon (John) 5:41 I receive not honour from men.
Yahuwchanon (John) 5:44 How can you believe, which receive honour one of another, and seek not the honour that comes from Elohiym only?
The Roman Catholic Church has even created a day for honoring saints called “All-Saints Day” (aka Halloween). But no place are we commanded to set aside a day to honor any so-called “saints.” All of these pagan holidays are “traditions of men” designed to nullify the word of Elohiym in the life of the believer.
Traditions of Men
What did Yahuwshuwa tell us about man-made traditions?
Mattithyahuw (Matthew) 15:3 But he answered and said unto them, Why do you also transgress the commandment of Elohiym by your tradition?
Mattithyahuw (Matthew) 15:6 Thus have you made the commandment of Elohiym of none effect by your tradition.
Marqos (Mark) 7:9 And he said unto them, Full well you reject the commandment of Elohiym, that you may keep your own tradition.
Marqos (Mark) 7:13 Making the word of Elohiym of none effect through your tradition…
In conclusion, we must ask ourselves, “Should a true follower of the Messiah be associated in any way with this celebration of evil roots? Should we be doing what the heathen have done for so many years and try to justify it as love?”
Romans 12:2 answers this very well: “And be not conformed to this world: but be you transformed by the renewing of your mind…”
You may have a hard time giving up this holiday. You may even try to rationalize: “Well we can turn this into a day to celebrate the love of Messiah, right?” Well this may sound logical but listen to what the Apostle Sha’uwl (Paul) wrote concerning man-made traditions:
Qolasiym (Colossians) 2:8 Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Mashiyach (Messiah).
Finally, we are exhorted not to learn the ways of the heathen when it comes to observing the “signs of heavens” by use of astrology:
Yirmeyahuw (Jeremiah) 10:2 Thus says YHWH, Learn not the way of the heathen, and be not dismayed at the signs of heaven; for the heathen are dismayed at them.
It is about time that we examined these foolish customs of the pagans now falsely labeled by the Roman Church. It is time we quit this Roman and Babylonian foolishness -- this IDOLATRY -- and get back to the faith of our Messiah delivered once and for all time by the Hebrew Apostles.
Let’s stop teaching our children these pagan customs in memory of Baal the sun-god -- the original St. Valentine -- and teach them instead what the Bible really says!
Valentine’s Day is just another one of these “Feasts for the Beast” that are meant to condition the entire world into accepting the final “man of sin” in the last days. Although it is celebrated under the false pretense that it is all about LOVE, (just like Christmas), it is actually another pagan holiday giving honor to Satan through his visible image, Nimrod.
Before you give out candy and cards this coming Valentine’s Day, consider that to do so you are paying homage to this creature in his many different aliases: Nimrod, Ba’al, Pan, Lupercus, Saturn, Santa (Saint), Satan!
*References:
*Ashworth, L. (2004). Ancient Rome (Gods & Goddesses).
*Cherrytree Books, Cartwright, M. ( 2013).
*Eros, Retrieved from Ancient History Encyclopedia: Catholic Online, (2016).
*St. Valentine, Retrieved from Catholic Online:
*Encyclopædia Britannica, (2018).
*Faunus: Ancient Italian God. Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica:
*Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016; Lupercalia:
*Forsaken Babylon, 2017.
*THE TRUTH ABOUT ST. VALENTINE’S DAY; Retrieved from Babylon Forsaken, Garcia, B, 2013.
*Venus, Retrieved from Ancient History Encyclopedia, Hislop, A. (1858).
*The Two Babylons:
*THIS DAY IN HISTORY, Retrieved from History.com; Hoena, B. A., 2003.
*Venus, Library of Congress, 2018.
*Today in History – February 14; Retrieved from Library of Congress:
*Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Morris, C., 2016.
*Chain Restaurants With Valentine’s Day Deals; Retrieved from Fortune.com:
*Roman Empire – In The First Century. Retrieved from PBS, Schmitz, L. 2016.
*Lupercalia, Retrieved from University of Chicago;
Schmitz, L., 2018. *Lupercalia, Retrieved from:
*Seipel, A. (2011, February 13); The Dark Origins Of Valentine’s Day. Retrieved from NPR:
*Takács, S. A., 2010, Vestal Virgins, Sibyls, and Matrons: Women in Roman Religion. University of Texas Press.
*The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, 2016; Candlemas, Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica:
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